End Notes
admin August 29th, 2007
1 “Suicide Prevention,” World Health Organization; see also, “Depression.”
2 William Easterly, The White Man’s Burden (New York: Penguin, 2006), 273.
3 Erich Fromm, The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973), 149.
4 Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Book I, Chapter 14.
5 Jeffrey Gold, , “Wal-Mart, Toys ‘R’ Us Rivalry ‘a Little More Cutthroat,’” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, November 23, 2003, Business section.
6 Peter Barnes, Capitalism 3.0 (San Francisco: Berret-Koehler, 2006), 22. Calculated from annual sales of Fortune 500 corporations from data on Fortune magazine’s Website.
7 Office for Social Justice, Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis, based on Census Bureau figures and analysis by Princeton economist Paul Krugman.8 “CEO Pay Charts,” United for a Fair Economy, accessed on January 3, 2007. CEO “lunchtime” comparison: Bob Herbert, “Working for a Pittance,” The New York Times, July 3, 2006, citing the Economic Policy Institute, Washington, D.C.9 House Committee on Financial Services Democrats, “How Workers are Faring in the Real Bush Economy: A Report Prepared by the Democratic Staff of the House Financial Services Committee, September 22, 2006.”10 Paul Krugman, “The Great Wealth Transfer, “Rolling Stone, November 30, 2006.
11 Forbes Magazine, “The Richest Americans.” $1.25 trillion total. Estimate of income of the world’s poorest is based on one billion living on less than a dollar a day and three billion living on less than two dollars a day. For the world’s billionaires, see this Forbes Magazine article. For China $2.225 trillion GDP:, see “The World Factbook,” The United States Central Intelligence Agency.
12 David Woodward and Andrew Sims, “Growth Isn’t Working: the Unbalanced Distribution of Benefits and Costs from Economic Growth.”
13 A Survey of the World Economy: More Pain than Gain, The Economist, September 14, 2006, 15.
14 Jeffrey Sachs, The End of Poverty (New York: The Penguin Press, 2005).
15 James K. Galbraith, “Mission Control,” Mother Jones, November/December 2006, 34.
16 Bill Vorley, Food Inc.: Corporate Concentration from Farm to Consumer, (London: U.K. Food Group), 11.
17 For seed facts: “Global Seed Industry Concentration 2005,” Communiqué Issue 90, ETC Group, September-October, 2005, 3. For media facts, see Ben Bagdikian, The New Media Monopoly. (Boston: Beacon Press, 2004.) See also Granville Williams, “The Global Network for Democratic Media,” Mediachannel.org. For gasoline facts, see: Public Citizen, Mergers, Manipulation and Mirages: How Oil Companies Keep Gasoline Prices High, and Why the Energy Bill Doesn’t Help, March 2004.
18 Paul Krugman, “The Great Wealth Transfer,” Rolling Stone, November 30, 2006.
19 Office for Social Justice, Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis, based on Lawrence Mishel, et al., The State of Working America 2002/2003, (Washington D.C.: The Economic Policy Institute, 2003).
20 Jeffrey H. Birnbaum, “The Road to Riches is Called K Street,” Washington Post, June 22, 2005.
21 President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, speech to Congress about dangers of monopoly, April 29, 1938.
22 Tobi Mae Lippin. “Chemical Plants Remain Vulnerable to Terrorists: A Call to Action,” Environmental Health Perspectives 114, no. 9 (2004): 114.
23 Associated Press. “U.S. food safety inspections languishing,” February 26, 2007.
24 Andrew C. Revkin and Matthew Wald, “Material Shows Weakening of Climate Change Reports,” The New York Times.
25 “Large Majorities Believe Big Companies, PACs, Media and Lobbyists Have Too Much Power and Influence in Washington,” Harris Interactive, April 10, 2002.
26 Ori Brafman and Rod Beckstrom. The Starfish and the Spider (New York: Portfolio, 2007), 17-22.
27 Christopher R. Browning, Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland (Harper Perennial, 1998; first published 1992), xv.
28 Ibid., xvii, 38.
29 Ibid., xv, 47.
30 Ibid., 225-26.
31 Ibid., 184-85.
32 Philip G. Zimbardo, “A Situationist Perspective on the Psychology of Evil: Understanding How Good People Are Transformed into Perpetrators,” in The Social Psychology of Good and Evil: Understanding our Capacity for Kindness and Cruelty, ed. Arthur Miller (New York: Guilford, 2004, revised July 25, 2003), 21-50.
33 Sarah Anderson et al., “Executive Excess 2006: Defense and Oil Executives Cash in on Conflict,” United or a Fair Economy, August 30, 2006, 5.
34 Sandra Jordan, “Old Women Step Forward as ‘Martyrs,’” The Observer, December 12, 2006, 27.
35 Beatriz Stolowicz, “The Latin American Left: Between Governability and Change,” in Daniel Chavez and Benjamin Goldfrank, eds. (London: Latin American Bureau, 2004), The Left in the City, citing Desarrollo más allá de la economía, Inter-American Development Bank, September 2000, 180.
36 Andrew Newberg and Mark Robert Waldman, Why We Believe What We Believe: Uncovering Our Biological Need for Meaning, Spirituality, and Truth (New York: Free Press, 2006), 8-9; Michael Bratton and Wonbin Cho, “Where is Africa Going? Views from Below, A Compendium of Trends in Public Opinion in 12 African Countries, 1999-2006,” Working Paper No. 60, The Afrobarometer Network, May 2006, 17.
37 Albert Camus, Neither Victims Nor Executioners (Boston: New Society Publishers, 1986), 49.
38 Thomas L. Friedman, “Time of the Turtles,” The New York Times, August 15, 1998, A13.
39 Barry Lopez, “Imperative,” Orion, January/February 2007, 39.
40 Stephen Breyer, Active Liberty (New York: Alfred Knopf, 2005), 21.
41 Marshall Sahlins, The Use and Abuse of Biology (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1976), 100.
42 Michael Gurven, “To Give or Not to Give: The Behavioral Ecology of Food Transfers,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 (2004): 543-583.
43 Michael Alvard, “Good Hunters Keep Smaller Shares of Larger Pies,” Open Peer Commentary, accompanying Michael Gurven, “To Give or Not to Give: The Behavioral Ecology of Food Transfers,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 (2004): 543-583.
44 Daniel Goleman, Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships (New York: Bantam, 2006), 57.45 Ibid., 55.46 Natalie Angier, “Why We’re So Nice: We’re Wired to Cooperate,” The New York Times, July 23, 2002.
47 Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, ed. D.D. Raphael and A.L. Macfie (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, 1982), pt. 2, sec. 2, ch. 3, 88.
48 Ibid., pt. 2, sec. 2, ch. 1, 80.
49 Sarah F. Brosnan and Frans B.M. de Waal, “Monkeys Reject Unequal Pay,” Nature 423 (2003): 297-299.
50 Erich Fromm, The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973), 264.
51 John J. Dinan, The American State Constitutional Tradition (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2006), 1.
52 William H. Hastie, quoted in The Great Quotations, ed. George Seldes (New York: Pocketbooks, 1967), 265.
53 Gianpaolo Baiocchi, “Participation, Activism, and Politics: The Porto Alegre Experiment,” in Deepening Democracy, ed. Archon Fung and Erik Olin Wright (New York: Verso, 2003), 47–-50.
54 Gianpaolo Baiocchi, “Porto Alegre: The Dynamism of the Unorganized,” in The Left in the City, ed. Daniel Chavez and Benjamin Goldfrank (London: Latin American Bureau, 2004), 53.
55 Gianpaolo Baiocchi, Militants and Citizens: The Politics of Participation in Porto Alegre (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2005). And personal communication, Gianpaolo Baiocchi, March 11, 2005.
56 “Beyond Red vs. Blue: Republicans Divided about Role of Government–Democrats by Social and Personal Values, Part Six,” Pew Research Center, May 10, 2005.
57 Laura E. Jesse, “Extra $1 million is pushed for Project Quest,” San Antonio Express-News, August 31, 2006.
58 “Shared Decision Making at a School Site: Moving Toward a Professional Model,” American Educator (Spring,1987): 17.
59 Janet Raloff, “Global Food Trends,” Science News 163, no. 22 (2003).
60 Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins, Natural Capitalism (Boston, New York, London: Little Brown and Company, 1999), 14-15.
61 Herman Scheer, Energy Autonomy (Earthscan: London, Sterling, VA, 2007), 48; Cristina L. Archer and Mark Z. Jacobson, “Evaluation of Global Wind Power,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, D12110, June 30, 2005, 1.
62 Clean Elections Institute, Inc.
63 Micah L. Sifry and Nancy Watzman, Is That a Politician in Your Pocket? Washington on $2 Million a Day (Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2004), 19.
64 Thomas L. Friedman, “The Power of Green,” The New York Times Magazine, April 15, 2007, 71
65 “From Poverty to Prosperity: A National Strategy to Cut Poverty in Half,” Center for American Progress, Washington, D. C., April, 2007, citing the Canadian population at 33 million.
66 Michael Myser, “Inside the $37 Billion Prison Economy“, CNN Money, December 6, 2006; James J. Stephen, “State Prison Expenditures, 2001,” 3; for Harvard tuition 2001-2002.
67 Harry J. Holzer et al., The Economic Costs of Poverty in the United States: Subsequent Effects of Children Growing Up Poor (Center for American Progress, Washington, D.C., January 2007,) 1.
68 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Technology Innovation Office, Cleaning Up the Nation’s Waste Sites: Markets and Technology Trends, EPA 542-R-96-005, September 2004.
69 “From Poverty to Prosperity,” 8-9.
70 Dan Ackman, Corporate Taxes Continue to Plummet,” first published by Forbes.com, Sept 23, 2004.
71 Paul Krugman, “Gilded Once More,” The New York Times, April 27, 2007, A27.
72 Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (New York: Random House, 1937), bk. 5, ch. 2, pt. 2, 777.
73 Lester Brown, Plan B 2.0, (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), 228-235.
74 “From Poverty to Prosperity,” 5.
75 Sam Cole, “Zero Waste—On the Move Around the World: U.S. Communities, Retailers, and Other Countries Begin to Implement Producer Responsibility,” Eco-Cycle.
76 Lester Brown, Plan B 2.0, (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), 229.
77 Greg Anrig, Jr., “Ten Myths about Social Security,” The Century Foundation, January 26, 2005.
78 Medicare and Health Care Chartbook, Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. Government Printing Office, February 27, 1997, 138.
79 France spends $3,159 per person with a longevity of 80.3 years, and the U.S. spent $6,102 per person in 2004 on health care with a life expectancy of 78 years. “OECD in Figures 2006-2007: Health Spending and Resources,” Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, October, 2006; Martin Gaynor and Deepti Gudipati, “Health Care Costs: Do We Need a Cure,” The Heinz School Review 3, no. 2 (2006).
80 “Taking on Poverty,” Center for American Progress, Washington, D.C., April, 2007; for GDP per capita, see CIA World Factbook.
81 These programs I learned about firsthand from the program’s director Adriana Aranha on my visit to Belo Horizonte in 2000. The specifics of forty farmers and twelve thousand meals daily come from an email communication dated July 6, 2006, from Michael Jahi Chappell, mjahi@umich.edu, doctoral candidate at the University of Michigan studying Belo Horizonte.
82 Communication via email from graduate student Flavia Andrade, citing original data obtained in the official Website of the Brazilian government which shows infant mortality rate in Belo Horizonte at 15.9 per thousand in 2003; in 1993, infant mortality in Belo was 36.4/1000, http://cs.server2.textor.com/alldocs/Lansky%202.pdf.
83 See CERES, the seventeen-year-old coalition that launched the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), the de facto international standard used by over 850 companies for corporate reporting on environmental, social, and economic performance.
84 James O’Nions, “Fairtrade and Global Justice,” Seedling Magazine, July 2006. See also Fairtrade.net and Transfair USA .85 Corporate Accountability International.86 “A Billion Will Die from Smoking,” BBC News, October 4, 2005. quoting Professor Richard Peto, Oxford University, Oxford, England.
87 Jack Beatty, Age of Betrayal: The Triumph of Money in America, 1865-1900 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007), 148.
88 Community Environmental Defense Fund report ; Democracy Unlimited of Humboldt County.
89 Transcript of the PBS NOW program on this case.
90 Daniel McLeod, “Ballot Initiative, Democracy Unlimited: Daniel McLeod Interviews Kaitlin Sopoci-Belknap,” Z Magazine Online, December 2006.
91 Marjorie Kelly, “Holy Grail Found: Absolute, Definitive Proof That Responsible Companies Perform Better Financially,” Business Ethics, Winter 2005.
92 Andrew W. Savitz, The Triple Bottom Line (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2006), 31.
93 Daniel Gross, “Latte Laborers Take on a Latte-Liberal Business,” The New York Times, April 8, 2007, Week in Review, 5.
94 “Unchaining for One Day Means Millions for Communities,” American Independent Business Alliance, November 10, 2004, citing “The Economic Impact of Locally Owned Businesses vs. Chains: A Case Study in Midcoast Maine,” Institute for Local Self-Reliance, September 2003.
95 The logic of this estimate: The International Cooperative Alliance reports 800 million cooperative members worldwide. Considering the combined population of the EU and the U.S. is less than this number, and assuming that at the very most half of the people in these two regions own corporate shares, one can assume as many as several hundred additional million shareholders in the rest of the world and still arrive at less than 800 million.
96 ICA Digest, International Cooperative Alliance, March 2007, 5, Issue 54.
97 Examples from International Cooperative Alliance except for India, which is from: Cooperatives in Social Development, Report of the Secretary-General, United Nations General Assembly, A/60/138, July 21, 2005, 6, citing Verghese, Kurien, “India’s milk revolution: investing in rural producer organizations,” a paper presented at the World Bank conference “Scaling up poverty reduction: a global learning process and conference,” Shanghai, May 25-27, 2004.
98 “WRC Affiliated Colleges and Universities,” Workers Rights Consortium.
99 Gordon Bazemore and Maria Schiff, Juvenile Justice Reform and Restorative Justice: Building Theory and Policy from Practice, (Portland, Oregon: Willan Publishing, 2004), 376-378.100 Citizens On Patrol Program (COPP); Citizen Observer article .101 Jim Giles, “Internet Encyclopaedias Go Head to Head,” Nature 438 (December 15, 2005): 900ff.
102 Alasdair Roberts, Blacked Out: Government Secrecy in the Information Age (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 73.
103 Archon Fung and Dara O’Rourke, “Reinventing Environmental Regulation from the Grassroots Up: Explaining and Expanding the Success of the Toxics Release Inventory,” Environmental Management 25, no. 2 (2000): 115.
104 Andrew W. Savitz with Karl Weber, The Triple Bottom Line (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2006) 210.
105 United Nations Development Programme 2002, Human Development Report 2002 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 10.
106 For 12 million estimate, International Labour Organization, A Global Alliance Against Forced Labor Press Release, 2005; for 27 million and Bales, see Susan Llewelyn Leach, “Slavery is Not Dead, Just Less Recognizable,” Christian Science Monitor, September 1, 2004.
107 Thomas L. Friedman, “The Power of Green,” The New York Times Magazine, April 15, 2007, 49, citing the Environmental Protection Agency.
108 Bill Moyers Journal, PBS, April 27, 2007.
109 Josephson Institute of Ethics, “2002 Report Card: Survey Documents Decade of Moral Deterioration: Kids Today Are More Likely To Cheat, Steal and Lie Than Kids 10 Years Ago.”
110 Daniel Goleman, Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships (New York: Bantam, 2006), 4. Citing, for the discovery of mirror neurons: G. di Pelligrino et al., “Understanding Motor Events: A Neurophysiological Study,” Experimental Brain Research 91 (1992): 176-80.
111 Daniel Goleman, Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships (New York: Bantam, 2006), 4.
112 For more on the arts of democracy mentioned here, see the Small Planet Institute’s downloadable document: Doing Democracy: Ten Practical Arts.
113 Benjamin Barber, “America Skips School,” Harper’s Magazine, November, 1993.
114 Jeremy Rifkin, The European Dream: How Europe’s Vision of the Future is Quietly Eclipsing the American Dream (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2004), 48-50, 78-81.
115 Martha Meana and Lea Thaler, “Teen Sexuality and Pregnancy in Nevada,” in Shalin, Dmitri, ed. The Social Health of Nevada: Leading Indicators and Quality of Life in the Silver State (University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 2004).
116 See the Small Planet Institute’s downloadable document: Doing Democracy: Ten Practical Arts.
117 See “Suggestions for Using the Believing Game,” excerpted from “Conflict in Context: Understanding Local to Global Security” by Gayle Mertz and Carol Miller Lieber, Educators for Social Responsibility, 2001.
118 Nancy A. Burrell, Cindy S. Zirbel, and Mike Allen, “Evaluating Peer Mediation Outcomes in Educational Settings: A Meta-Analytic Review,” 21 (2003): 7-26.
119 Joseph Stiglitz, Globalization and Its Discontents (New York: Norton, 2003), 9.
120 Thomas L. Friedman, “Small and Smaller,” The New York Times, March 4, 2004, A29.
121 Quoted in Dan Carney, “Dwayne’s World,” Mother Jones, July-August 1995.
122 “Power Hungry: Six Reasons to Regulate Global Food Corporations,” ActionAid International, 2005, 4.
123 Nicholas D. Kristof, “A Glide Path to Ruin,” The New York Times, June 26, 2005.
124 Muhammad Yunus, personal communication, July 2000, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
125 James Gilligan, Violence: Reflections on a National Epidemic (New York: Vintage Books/Random House, 1997), 105-107.
126 Eleanor Roosevelt, “Fear, the Great Enemy,” in You Learn by Living (Harper & Brothers Publishers, New York, 1960), 29-30, 41.
127 Rush W. Dozier, Jr., Fear Itself: The Origin and Nature of the Powerful Emotion That Shapes Our Lives and Our World (New York: St. Martins, 1998), 224.
128 Aung San Suu Kyi, Freedom from Fear (New York: Penguin Books, 1991), 180.
129 Andrew Newberg, Why We Believe What We Believe: Uncovering Our Biological Need for Meaning, Spirituality, and Truth (New York: Free Press, 2006), 146.
130 Martha Stout, The Sociopath Next Door (New York: Broadway, 2005).
131 Thomas Jefferson in a Letter to Thomas Law, Thomas Jefferson Writings, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (New York: The Library of America/Liberty Classics, 1984), 337-338.
132 See, for example, the work of Marshall Rosenberg on “nonviolent communication.”
133 “Buying the War,” Bill Moyers Journal, PBS, April 25, 2003.
134 “An Interview with Martha Stout,” BookBrowse; Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View (New York: HarperCollins, 1974).
135 Dee Hock, Birth of the Chaordic Age (San Francisco: Barrett-Koehler, 1999), 3.
136 Philip G. Zimbardo, “A Situationist Perspective on the Psychology of Evil: Understanding How Good People are Transformed into Perpetrators,” in The Social Psychology of Good and Evil: Understanding our Capacity for Kindness and Cruelty, ed. Arthur Miller (New York: Guilford, 2004, revised July 25, 2003), 21-50.
137 Celia W. Dugger, “Even as Africa Hungers, Policy Slows Delivery of U.S. Food Aid,” The New York Times, April 7, 2007, A1, 7.138 Personal communication from Carolyn Dallas, Executive Director,, Time Dollar Youth Court, Washington, D.C., January 18, 2005. For more information on time-dollar-type services, contact Time Dollar Youth Court, 409 East Street N.W., Building B, Washington, DC 20001, tel. (202) 508-1612, zfowlk@cs.com, http://www.timebanks.org.139 CoopAmerica Green Pages.
140 Miguel Mendonca, Feed-In Tariffs, Accelerating the Deployment of Renewable Energy (London: Earthscan, 2007), 45. See also Hermann Scheer, Energy Autonomy, (London: Earthscan, 2007).
141 Ibid., Mendonca, xiv.
